Distance-based clustering methods categorize samples by optimizing a global criterion, finding ellipsoid clusters with roughly equal sizes. In contrast, density-based clustering techniques form clusters with arbitrary shapes and sizes by optimizing a local criterion. Most of these methods have several hyper-parameters, and their performance is highly dependent on the hyper-parameter setup. Recently, a Gaussian Density Distance (GDD) approach was proposed to optimize local criteria in terms of distance and density properties of samples. GDD can find clusters with different shapes and sizes without any free parameters. However, it may fail to discover the appropriate clusters due to the interfering of clustered samples in estimating the density and distance properties of remaining unclustered samples. Here, we introduce ADAPTIVE GDD (AGDD), which eliminates the inappropriate effect of clustered samples by ADAPTIVEly updating the parameters during clustering. It is stable and can identify clusters with various shapes, sizes, and densities without adding extra parameters. The distance metrics calculating the dissimilarity between samples can affect the clustering performance. The effect of different distance measurements is also analyzed on the method. The experimental results conducted on several well-known datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed AGDD method compared to the other well-known clustering methods.

The paper represents the development of an ADAPTIVE multi-criteria algorithm based on fuzzy approach for the decision making part of the differential transformer PROTECTION schemes. At first some effective phenomenon have been examined. Then off-line examination results have been implemented for adapting the relay parameters such as fuzzy functions, weighting factors and tripping threshold to relay conditions and transformer characteristics. Self-adjustment of relay parameters has improved the speed of operation, dependability and security of relay. Different tests have indicated satisfactory results and less than half a cycle for the mean of operating time.

ADAPTIVE PROTECTION coordination which realizes using communication links is an efficient method to solve problems in microgrid PROTECTION coordination. An issue that can affect the efficiency of this method is uncertainty in communication links. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of uncertainty in communication links on ADAPTIVE PROTECTION and reliability of microgrids, a new Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is proposed. In the proposed method, the probability of correct operation of circuit breakers (CBs) and communication links is not considered to be constant; it can vary according to the fault current flowing through CBs and the latency of communication links, respectively. The performance of the proposed method is tested on a sample microgrid equipped by central server and communication links. In order to assess the impact of uncertainty in communication links on the reliability of the microgrid, System Average Interruption Duration (SAIDI), Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS), and Expected COST of Interruption (ECOST) indices are used. Results prove that the traditional PROTECTION coordination schemes have more effectiveness of the uncertainty in communication links compare to schemes which use global decisions.

Application of sunscreens is one of the most important ways for skin PROTECTION against sunburn, early skin aging and skin cancer.Due to variety of sunscreen products, it is necessary to assure their PROTECTION ability against the suns damages. Performance assessment of sunscreens against UVB expressed by sun PROTECTION factor. Due to great cost of determination methods of this factor in foreign countries, developing a comprehensive protocol for in vivo SPF determination in Iran would have distinct benefits.In this study four international standards have been reviewed and compared for Sun PROTECTION Factor (SPF) determination including ISO24444, FDA2011, AS/NZS 2604: 2012 and CEN 2006. The general process of in vivo SPF determination is similar in these protocols but there are some obvious differences in details that leading to advantages and disadvantages for each of them.In this study a complete document were collected, then regarding to available facilities and with cooperation of Iran food and drug organization a comprehensive in vivo SPF determination protocol will be developed.

One of the issues of reliable performance in the power grid is the existence of electromechanical oscillations between interconnected generators. The number of generators participating in each electromechanical oscillation mode and the frequency oscillation depends on the structure and function of the power grid. In this paper, to improve the transient nature of the network and damping electromechanical fluctuations, a decentralized robust ADAPTIVE control method based on dynamic programming has been used to design a stabilizing power system and a complementary static var compensator (SVC) controller. By applying a single line to ground fault in the network, the robustness of the designed control systems is demonstrated. Also, the simulation results of the method used in this paper are compared with controllers whose parameters are adjusted using the PSO algorithm. The simulation results show the superiority of the decentralized robust ADAPTIVE control method based on dynamic programming for the stabilizing design of the power system and the complementary SVC controller. The performance of the control method is tested using the IEEE 16-machine, 68-bus, 5-area is verified with time domain simulation.

Distributed Generation (DG) is a common technology in today’ s distribution networks due to its exclusive benefits. However, DG units introduce a series of new issues to distribution network beside their benefits. Adding a DG unit to the network can change the direction and magnitude of the power flow and fault currents through branches. It may cause the failure of the original PROTECTION system or false tripping of some existing relays. In this paper, a new ADAPTIVE approach is introduced for classification of different DG topologies in distribution network using the existing setting groups in over current relays. This method determines those settings such that maximum number of the possible scenarios for different operations in distribution system are covered including grid-connected mode, autonomous mode, and DGs capacity changes. In order to verify the performance of the new method, two simulation studies are performed on 14-node and IEEE 33-node distribution network test systems. DIgSILENT software has been employed to simulate the network in various operational modes.

The rapid growth of distributed generations (DG) in distribution grids brings new challenges in the PROTECTION coordination of overcurrent relays. So far, various ADAPTIVE techniques have been addressed to solve DG units’ mis-coordination problem, however, the un-predictable penetration of installed DG units highlights the importance of a penetration-free methodology. This study presents a novel offline, quick, applicable and cheap solution which guarantees PROTECTION coordination for any penetration and location of DG units. To do so, first, under different DG penetration levels and locations, the conventional PROTECTION performance is studied to discover the worst mis-coordination cases. Next, according to relays standards, the characteristic curve of the back-up relay is modified such that it can maintain coordination in all worst cases. The proposed methodology is applied to a power distribution network equipped with numerous DG units. The results successfully prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. This fact makes this method an attractive option for distribution systems with DG units.